Mnging people in retil Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mnging individuals in retil - Case Study Example In most retil orgniztions, these chnges come in the fce of reltively little premerger plnning. lthough mny firms consider the implictions of structurl chnge on their orgniztion, frequently such nlysis is careless nd superficil. This pper will present the components of structure inside the retil orgniztion, at that point investigate the reltionship mong structure, strtegy, nd culture. Finlly, the structurl chnges inside retil orgniztion strtegy is introduced in the past pssges of the pper. Retil orgniztionl structure hs various measurements: formliztion, speciliztion, stndrdiztion, hierrchy of uthority, multifaceted nature, centrliztion, professionlism, nd work force rtios. mong them, unpredictability, formliztion, nd centrliztion re focl to our conversation of retil orgniztion (see Figure 1). Multifaceted nature alludes to the number nd vriety of hierrchicl lyers, work titles, nd divisions nd deprtments inside n orgniztion. The more lyers nd divisions, the higher the unpredictability of n orgniztion. (Bddeleys, Jmes, 1990) It is expected to sy tht the degree of multifaceted nature vries inside the retil orgniztion. Inside Tesco, the legl deprtment hs mny lyers of lwyers nd stff individuals adjusting the legl needs of various districts of the nation, wheres mnufcturing my hve just a single loction with two hierrchicl levels. Formliztion alludes to the number nd substance of rules nd regultions present inside n retil orgniztion. The more composed guidelines, stndrd operting techniques, nd strategy mnuls, the more forml n orgniztion. The level of formliztion decides how mny choices re preprogrmmed, since rules nd mnuls cn replce mngeril choice mking. Profoundly formlized structures prompted routine work nd ctivity. In forml orgniztions, behviors nd ctivities re foreordained since they re depicted in some archive. Worker opportunity in choice mking nd behvior is along these lines profoundly constrained. dditionlly, formliztion frequently leds to impersonlity for the two workers nd clients Centrliztion The compny tht is being talked about hs decentrlized retil dministrtion. It is checked to be the foundation of orgniztionl strategy tht is crucil with regards to compny's retil achievement nd a few challenges to defeat each now nd at that point. The ltter my relte to the locl overpricing of products, helpless assistance, unavailable conditions, nd unnecessary nd unblnced inventories. t the mentime, compny officials ssume tht the dvntges of decentrliztion previl over its disdvntges. Centrliztion Centrliztion alludes to the dispersion of intensity nd choice mking inside n orgniztion. The less the quantity of gatherings nd levels engaged with choice mking, the more centrlized firm. In centrlized orgniztions, lrge mjority of ll choices re mde by top mngers. In decentrlized orgniztions, on the other hnd, choices re delegted or pushed down to bring down levels. DETERMINNTS OF STRUCTURE There hs been considerble reserch regrding the fctors tht decide, nd re controlled by, the structure nd plan of n orgniztion. The fctors considered frequently re size, innovation, strtegy, externl condition, nd most as of late, culture nd ledership. Proof cn be discovered supporting the position tht these components decide structure nd tht structure decides them. So there is circulr reltionship mong them. They ll mutully

Howard Schultz and Karl Eller essays

Howard Schultz and Karl Eller papers Howard Schultz and Karl Eller can both be viewed as incredible business people. Both were extraordinary hazard takes, pushing forward at quick paces without worry that their thoughts may reverse discharge. Both started their expert vocations as sales reps, and had the option to go past that level into official situations at every one of their organizations by facing challenges and gaining from their own errors just as the victories and disappointments of others around him. Howard Schultz started his pioneering profession at a youthful age by finding new and inventive approaches to get things done and consistently watching out for additional opportunities. In light of his introduction to forte espresso and the involvement with Italy, he had the option to imagine a thought that cleared across America and has become a family unit convention. Schultz saw his chance and had the option to take two distinct methods of getting things done and shape them into one of a kind espresso experience for everybody to appreciate. Karl Eller started as a sales rep too, and inside 5 years, became leader of his branch office for the organization he worked for. Because of his difficult work, ingenuity and steadiness, Eller never figured out how to see a chance and let it cruise by. As his experience as a bulletin sales rep had expanded, so had his journey for new chances. At the point when he purchased what is presently known as Eller Media, it was the biggest organization in the business with more than 50,000 announcements and Karl Eller has made the thought into a reality on account of his hazard averseness and capacity to spot openings and follow up on them as he sees them. Both of these men are referred to today as deserving of the business people corridor of acclaim. As a result of their eagerness to face challenges and follow up on open doors as they introduced themselves, Schultz and Eller became commonly recognized names, in their industry, however all through the business world. Bringing in cash might be a piece of the fulfillment they get, yet the genuine business person can be spurred basically with the urge t ... <!

cairo air pollution essays

cairo air contamination articles The way to the execution of Law 4/1994, known as the Environment Law, is exhausted with obstructions, yet headway is being made regardless. The need to manage lead foundries and other contaminating businesses, chop down vehicle exhaust emanations regularly has earthy people pondering what direction to turn straightaway. In any case, the Ministry of Environment is by all accounts receiving a bit by bit approach that is creating concrete, yet at the same time limited, results. Cairo is one of the most significant megacities in the entire world. Prior to characterizing Cairo as a megacity, we need to decide the meaning of megacities in general. They are urban areas that have an incredible increment in populace with the start of the year 2000. As indicated by the most current United Nations gauges there are around 23 megacities, 18 of them are in creating nations. They are turning out to be progressively essential since they decide how we will live on this planet on that new century. This century isn't the time of little zones. It is of tremendous urban areas, which have critical and confounded issues that must be settled by building very much arranged tasks. Cairo has numerous pivotal issues, thusly; it must be considered as a megacity. Overpopulation, traffic issues and all sort of contamination are eminent issues in Cairo. In my perspective, air contamination is an exceptionally profound issue that is equipped for characterizing Cairo as a megacity. It is the air dust in the throat, dark billows of vehicles and transport fumes, and a few days a dim cloudiness hangs over this growing city, which make up the issue. The greatest risk confronting Egypt today is air contamination, Salah Hafez stated, official executive of the Official Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA). As per a report discharged last September by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), an expected sixteen thousands passings can be credited to residue and particles in Cairo's air. In addition, lead in Cairo's air... <!

Pericles Funeral Oration - Literature Essay Samples

In his oration, Pericles sheds new light on traditional Greek virtues by examining not only the accomplishments of the Athenian empire, but the particular qualities and institutions that have facilitated Athenian greatness. Pericles defies the traditional role of a funeral orator as historian of Athenian accomplishments in order to thoroughly redefine what makes Athens great.Pericles begins his oration by setting out the difficulty of his task: to please those in the audience who were close to the dead with tales of glory and honor without dismissing the citizens of Athens, who Pericles claims only want to hear praise of the dead so long as they can feel satisfied that they are equally great, (II.35). In light of the conflicting appetites of his audience, Pericles declares that he will forsake the funeral orator’s custom of recounting the great accomplishments of Athenian history because they are â€Å"too familiar to my hearers for me to dwell upon,† (II.36). Instead , Pericles is interested in exploring the particular spirit of Athens, and those institutions that facilitated its prosperity and greatness.In the remainder of his oration, Pericles is engaged in a characterization of the essence of Athens. He claims that the uniqueness of the Athenian constitution stems from its bold innovation. Athenians live under a rule of law that holds the many over the few, and which regards citizens as equal before the law, (II.37). Thus he claims that it is the nature of Athenian politics (i.e. the theory and practice of how to live) that has allowed it to achieve greatness. The institution of equality inherent in their democracy is, according to Pericles, what facilitates the brotherhood and friendliness that Athenians feel towards one another: â€Å"we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes,† (II.37). But this friendliness amongst citizens has not diminished the strength or esteem of Athens because all At henians contribute to the efforts to uphold international fortitude. Pericles praises citizens for their devotion to Athens, which they love even more than money or wealth: â€Å"wealth we employ more for use than show,† (II.40). He challenges his listeners to envision a citizen more innovative, independent, and strong than the Athenian, (II.41). Having examined the particular qualities of Athenians, it appears that their ability to both rule and be ruled is what he finds most essential. For evidence of the accomplishments that Pericles attributes to the unique virtues of Athenian society, he turns to what he views as the unparalleled power of the empire. It is at this point in his oration that Pericles returns to purpose of the occasion. He implores his audience to view the death of Athenians as gallant sacrifices to a world historical regime. These men died â€Å"resisting, rather than submitting, they fled only from dishonor†¦[and] left behind them not their fe ar, but their glory,† (II.42). In this way, Pericles argues that there is something particularly honorable about a man who dies in the line of a great duty, to uphold and protect a great empire, (II.43). Furthermore, these sacrifices are not in vain because â€Å"heroes have the whole earth as their tomb;† they live on in Athenian spirit and become a part of the very fabric of Athenian society, (II.43). Finally, Pericles uses his praise to implore his listeners not to shrink from making the same sacrifice. He urges each man to consider his interests as citizen (of Athens) and individual (â€Å"father† as truly merged in the great Athens, (II.44). It is impossible to ignore the context in which Pericles apparently gives this speech. The reader cannot help but recall Thucydides’ earlier admission, that he has a habit of making the speakers in his book â€Å"say what was in my opinion demanded of them by the various occasions, of course adhering as close ly as possible to the general sense of what they really said,† (I.22). This consideration explains the overtones of nationalist pride and manifest destiny present within Pericles’ funeral oration. Pericles wants his listeners to feel implicated in a common project of historical proportions, which unites the plights and glories of Athens with those of the Athenians themselves. It is for this reason that he puts forth the image of the people of Athens as united by trust and a desire for freedom; they submit to laws and sacrifice not simply out of duty, but because they see that it is in their best interests. Thucydides’ Pericles heeds the â€Å"demands of the time† by using this same logic to implores members of the audience to be brave in the face of sacrifice on behalf of Athens because their own future is tied up with Athens’ destiny: â€Å"judging happiness to be the fruit of freedom and freedom of valor, never decline the dangers of war,â €  (II.43). This is perhaps an indication that Thucydides recognizes the precarious nature of power and influence, such that Athens will always As unique citizens of a great empire, Pericles urges his audience to rise to any challenge to uphold and protect Athens.

Artificial Intelligence Essay - 1019 Words

Artificial Intelligence Introduction Today, people are interacting more and more with computers. Life is running at a microchip speed. If all computers are stopped for a day, complete civilization comes to a halt! Fifty years ago, this mightve been a science fiction, but today it is a reality. Further, with Computers being embedded in all of our life accessories like mobiles, watches, cars, even our bodies and brains there is no indication that this microchip speed will not be multiplied in the future. Over the last decade, these electronic tiny minuscule signals have fundamentally revolutionized the way we live. People are spending more hours per day with machines than humans. An amazing†¦show more content†¦Internet is converging all the specialized fields or colors of knowledge into one bright light. The avalanche of new users getting online is still growing. People from all across the planet are spending more and more hours surfing the net, especially in chat rooms, use net groups and bulletin boards. Chat Servers are the unique platform where interactivity the intelligence and interactivity of humans and machines coincides. There have been some heroic individual efforts to realize chat bots, which would talk and behave like humans. If this is any indication of peoples openness to talking and sharing emotions through and with machines, then we are seeing the tip of the emotional machine iceberg What is Artificial Intelligence? Definition... Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science, which deals with helping machines, finds solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way. A more or less flexible or efficient approach can be taken depending on the requirements established, which influences how artificial the intelligent behavior appears. AI is generally associated with Computer Science, but it has many important links with other fields such as Maths, Psychology,Show MoreRelatedArtificial Intelligence1237 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is artificial intelligence? Should humanity be concerned? There are many interpretations of Artificial intelligence. Merriam Webster’s online dictionary defines artificial intelligence as â€Å"A branch of computer science, dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviour, in computers or the capability of a machine, to imitate intelligent human behaviour† (Artificial Intelligence, 1828). With technology continually progressing and embedding itself into today’s population, from Siri on iPhoneRead MoreHuman Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence1545 Words   |  7 Pagesconsensus on what human intelligence is, how it works, and how it is formed. There are several different theories as to what intelligence is, and there is no concrete explanation of intelligence. Despite these uncertainties, many have proposed the idea modeling human intelligence and creating artificial intelligence. Many see artificial intelligence as a way to bypass human error and to improve jobs by completing them faster and more accurately. They argue that artificial intelligence can be based onRead MoreHuman Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence1233 Words   |  5 Pagesmentally, as this interaction was at an all-time high, we came up with intelligence. Intelligence has fascinated man since the dawn of time, and lead man to create one of the greatest innovations that rivaled human intelligence: artificial intelligence. The competition between human intelligence and artificial intelligence ultimately leads to the battle of nature and science. Eventually these two forms of intelligence, human and artificial, must coincide and it must be understood how each would interactRead MoreArtificial Intelligence And Human Intelligence3752 Words   |  16 PagesARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Name Mohammed Warsame Institutional Affiliation 26th January, 2015 â€Æ' Table of Contents Artificial Intelligence 3 Abstract 3 Project Outline 4 Introduction 5 Factors that inhibit a human from executing the rational decision 6 Soft Computing Domains Inspired by Biology 8 Soft Computing 8 Artificial Neural Network 9 Genetic Computing and Evolutionary Computing 10 Emotions and Artificial Intelligence 12 Neural Network Inheritance 12 Is there need to Inherit the Entirety of theRead MoreBenefits Of Artificial Intelligence761 Words   |  4 PagesArtificial Intelligence, more commonly referred to by its abbreviations AI, is defined as intelligence displayed by machines rather than humans. Its aptitudes include successfully recognising and comprehending human speech, computing simulations and analysing an immense amount of elaborate data. As there is limitless potential for this technology, there is a lot of research currently underway to develop AI with the ability to outperform humans at virtually every cognitive task, rather than specificRead MoreDisadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence1587 Words   |  7 PagesIntroductions Artificial Intelligence is felt almost everywhere. It is influence basically alters people’s lives, by the technology based applications that is embedded in machines that enhances people’s day to day activity. It is seen and experienced in different institutions, be it public or private, small entity and global. AI, or artificial intelligence, is the automation of human processes by means of machine learning, often done by computer systems. These processes include the acquisition ofRead MoreDisadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence1603 Words   |  7 PagesArtificial Intelligence Introduction Artificial intelligence is the study and development of enabling computer and machine technology to learn, simulate intelligence, use logic, and perform tasks that are typically performed by humans. Artificial intelligence is an area of research that has been prone to controversy. Researchers are conflicted in regards to whether artificial intelligence is beneficial. Some believe that it will help solve many societal issues, others fear that it will cause furtherRead MoreDisadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence909 Words   |  4 Pagesconstantly changing lives easier. However, as we advance in society, controversies start up on the right and wrongs of how our mechanics or robots develop, specifically Artificial Intelligence robots. Artificial intelligence is the ability to understand how to control motion and responses based upon experience. Artificial intelligence in robots are based on human traits such as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and movement and manipulation of objects.As of now, ourRead MoreDualism and Artificial Intelligence1235 Words   |  5 Pagestangible and can be recreated according to Turing. Turing, a physicalist, believed that artificial intelligence could be achieved in the future. Turing argued that the mind was merely due to the physical aspects of the brain and so a machine could one day be created that has a mind of its own, i.e. artificial intelligence. He created a test called the Turing Test to determine whether a machine has artificial intelligence. In the Turing Test, an interrogator asks two subjects a series of questions. OneRead MoreEssay On Artificial Intelligence1515 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction I chose Artificial Intelligence since I believe that it is extremely intriguing and important in the field of Information Technology. Artificial Intelligence is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. AI is usually defined as the capability of a computer program to perform tasks or reasoning processes that we associate

Taking a Look at Body Art - 1615 Words

Research Assignment (Body Art) Body painting is a certain form of art that continued with humans through the ancient times to the modern day times, where artists use the human body as canvasses to show beauty like no other style of artwork can. African, European, Asia, and Australian tribes have shown records that body painting was used. The tribes were using pigments from plant leaves and fruits to decorate themselves because body art was an important part of their lives. Body art would represent qualities of the people, goals for life, gods, and many war themes. The first full body painting arose in 1933 of a naked model in Chicago. Body painting spread out during the 1960’s when hippies began the movement in the United States. It is important to clarify that body painting is not just applied to nude bodies, but also can be applied to pieces of skin. Alexa Meade is a very skilful artist and has a certain style and view of body painting herself. Alexa was born and raised in 1 986 in Washington, D.C. In 2009, Meade graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, NY majoring in political science. Meade received her bachelor’s degree, but never attended art school. Meade was forced to teach herself how to paint, which started at the age of 15. When interviewed, Meade stated, â€Å"I didn’t have to think of painting as this thing on canvas, because I didn’t have any practice doing that. I just saw paint as something that can be used in space.† When just beginning, Meade’s studioShow MoreRelatedThrough The Eyes Of Art, We Stumble To Collect The Unwanted1542 Words   |  7 Pages Through the eyes of art, we stumble to collect the unwanted pieces of our bodies, the ones that were ignored, buried, and demolished by the society. The value of the body is much more complex than it to be expressed in a society dictionary. Some genres of Western art seek to explore the missing pieces of our identity that are lost because people try to conform to the social norms. Thus, art is not only an element of human activity but also a way for people to interpret themselves within societyRead MoreCaravaggio and His Life1093 Words   |  5 Pagesportray him as beautiful, insightful, religious, descriptive, innovate, traditional, and probably an â€Å"Italian Badass†. However, we must look at his paintings, his masterpieces, in order to truly understand who Caravaggio really was. Notorious for his reckless private life and his provocative nature as a painter, Caravaggio wanted to make a statement in the arts. His paintings today are still alive with the high drama of his days and the stories he portrayed. While most artists of his day focusedRead MoreReligions Aggressive Attitude Regarding Art and Science1073 Words   |  4 PagesReligions aggressive attitude regarding art and science While many have been inclined to consider that science and religion complement each-other, things were different several centuries ago when people considered that it was irresponsible for someone to dare to put across scientific thinking that was in disagreement with religious legislations. Christian fundamentalism is responsible for a great deal of conflicts, taking into account that fundamentalists lobby in regard to how God created theRead MoreHistorical Art Work: Reliquary Chà ¢sse836 Words   |  3 Pagesgorgeous and historical art works present at National Gallery of Art, I shall only compare and contrast the functions, materials and the context of a pair art works. The first art work is called Reliquary Chà ¢sse, which was made in Limoges; a city of French that well-known for copper work. The birth years of the art was written in between 1175 to 1180 CE. The art work is now a donation from Widerner Collection since 1942 to National Gallery of Art. On other hand, the second art work is called Book CoverRead MoreThe Lady With An Ermine1141 Words   |  5 Pagestrouble finishing his paintings. Also, originally the background was blue, but in 1800, Prince Adam Czartoryski bought the piece for Princess Izabella. She did not like the painting very much. â€Å"If it s a dog, it s a very ugly one† she remarked. Taking a disliking to the blue background, she had it urgently repainted jet black. The Lady with an Ermine, a famous painting with a mysterious title, is significant because it is one of a handful of Renaissance portraits completed by Leonardo da VinciRead MoreWearable Art: An Innovation In The Twentieth Century Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesdemand that cannot be replaced in human life. Clothes have become a typical topic for not only researchers but also students. That was the reason why I had a trip to a museum of Te Manawa and saw many exhibits there about wearable arts. At the first sight I stepped into the arts area, I started to wonder what the artists created these costumes for. I stopped by an exhibit, called â€Å"The Reflection On Time†, which impressed me the most. Wearing a hooded jacket with a jean, I was almost overwhelmed with itsRead MoreManipulation Of Digital Photography And Fashion Photography1322 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch project is to look at Manipulation in Digital Photography and in Fashion Photography, before and after Adobe Photoshop was invented. The term Photoshop is commonly used as expression to denote the manipulation of images and will be used in this context throughout this research project. Photoshop is one of the biggest known software used to edit photographs and as such plays a vital role in photography. Over the years Photoshop has changed drastically and this study will look at the reasons thatRead MoreImages of the Nude Male in European Art Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesThe human body, especially the nude male figure, has been a subject of art since the first scratching appeared on cave walls. Stick figures with phalluses denoted the male, procreation and dominance. Archeologists have found evidences proving that the male nude appeared in Egypt in the early Dynastic periods and in early Mesopotamia four thousand years ago. The Greek made the nude into art, and we, the Americans, made it into something commonly referred to as pornography. Until today, nude isRead MoreEssay On Student Performance Activating Inside Out1637 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Performance Activating Inside Out.1977/2014 In the art museum the way I tried to see the art is to look at the art then I would read about the photo. Which I realized at is so much more difficult to understand than anything else or why, how, and where is this art piece and why the create it. Some of her art are Unique but some are just not unique or not interest, and basically more random. Of course some people love the art that I have no absolute connection to, which I find to be interestingRead MoreStories behind the Complex Compositions: Sculpture Comparison1051 Words   |  5 PagesDancer of the French impressionist style. These two sculptures give us a clear insight and allows us to peer in on the moment that is taking place. The active movement, strong diagonals and dramatic facial expressions of the figures in A Faun Teased by Children tells the on looker a vivid detailed story of the actions that are taking place and what role each figure is taking on, in a mythical scene, while the stagnant and serene pose o f the Fourteen Year Old Girl resonates calmness and a moment that has

Fiscal Policy and the Current Account

Question: Describe about the Fiscal Policy and the Current Account? Answer: Importance of International Trade to an Open Economy Such as the UK International trade plays a major role in the overall economic development of an open economy such as UK. For example, international trade enhances the domestic competitiveness and maintains the cost competitiveness in open economy. In addition to this, it should also be noted down that, international trade also increase the sales, revenues and profits in the open economy by utilizing available resources effectively. At the same time, it can also be said that, international trade also helps an open economy in reducing the dependence on existing markets and stabilize seasonal market fluctuations. For example, international trade helped the UK in gaining a global market share in an effective and proper manner (Abbas, Bouhga-Hagbe, Fats, Mauro, Velloso, 2011).. Significance of Comparative Advantage Comparative Advantage is more significant and valuable because it helps the business firms and organizations in improving or enhancing their abilities to produce products or services at the lowest opportunity cost. In addition to this, it is found that, comparative advantages also provide significant opportunities to the nations or companies to investment in research development which can drive innovation and invention. Moreover, comparative advantage also encourages trade development in the nations or countries. Hence, it can be said that, having comparative advantage in the current time is essential not only for the organizations but also nations for the economic and financial growth (Blanchard Milesi-Ferretti, 2012). Significance of Absolute Advantage Absolute advantages means an economy can produce an innovative and effective product at the lower cost as compare to the other nations or countries. Hence, it can be said that, it is an ability of a business firm or a nation to provide and produce goods and services at the lowest price as compare to competitors by using same amount of resources. In addition to this, this also provides cost advantages or benefits to the nations or a company. Moreover, it also increases the scope of international trade in an economy effectively. For case, UK or USA can have absolute advantages over the India in producing and providing certain products or services (Baumol Blinder, A. (2010). Trade and Exchange Rates Trade: It can be defined as the transfer of ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money. Simply, it can be said that, it is all about direct exchange of goods as well as services for other goods and services or price. It also exits due to specialization and division of labor, Absolute Advantage, or Comparative Advantage (Helpman, Itskhoki, Redding, 2010). Exchange Rates: In the economics and finance, an exchange rate is also known as foreign-exchange rate, forex rate, FX rate. So, it can be said that, exchange rate is the rate between two currencies which one currency is exchanged for another. In the same way, it is the evaluation or measurement or value of a currency as compare to other. Describe the Structure of the Balance Of Payments Balance of Payment can be characterized as an efficient record of a country's financial exchanges and records among a nation and the rest of the globe during a pre-determined time-period. Simply, it is the difference between all receipts from foreign countries and all payments to foreign countries. So, that it is a process of systematic recording of financial and economic transaction of a nation with others (Stroup, 2007). The main structure of the BOP is given below: The balance of payments records all economic transactions between resident and non-resident entities during a particular time period. The EU was established on 1 November 1993 with 12 member states that have 28 member states (EU-28) in the present time. The European Union (EU) can provide mutual help to non-euro area member States if a member State is faced difficulties or seriously threatened with difficulties as regards its balance of payments. The below chart indicates the data of the balance of payments for the European Union (EU) and its Member States (European Commission, 2015). The below chart indicates the due to the global financial crisis during 2007-08 the EU balance of payment is decline or negative (account shortage) and after 2012 the balance of payment is positive means account surplus. In addition, the current account of the EU-28 was shown in the picture that was EUR 126.5 billion in 2014, representing to 0.9% of GDP (gross domestic product). In addition, in the past year (data for 2013), the current account surplus was EUR 155.5 billion that indicates the current year account surplus is decreased (European Commission, 2015). The decline current situation of account surplus and high up and down in the balance of the payment of EU indicates the risky situation of the international business. The fluctuation trend of the balance of payment of EU expresses the risky situation of the international business in the EU region. (Source: European Commission, 2015) The below picture indicates selected items of the financial account balance, 2014 (EUR billion) of the all 28 member states of the EU. (Source: European Commission, 2015) The above data indicates there were 20 EU Member States that reported current account surplus in 2014, while 8 recorded deficits. The large surplus reported by the Netherlands (10.3% of GDP), followed by Germany (7.6% of GDP), Ireland and Denmark (both 6.2% of GDP), while the largest deficits were in the United Kingdom (-5.5% of GDP) and Cyprus (-5.1% of GDP). In addition, Luxembourg (37.7% of GDP), Malta (20.4%), Croatia (16.8%) and Cyprus (15.1%) reported relatively large surpluses, while the Ireland, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland were the only EU Member States to report a current account deficit for services in 2014 (European Commission, 2015). At the same time, Ireland reported the largest surplus for goods relative to GDP (25.0%) as well as total of 17 EU Member States reported a deficit for goods, while only four Member States that reported largest surpluses for services. Surplus and deficit and the Significance of Long-Term Deficits to Open Economies Surplus and deficit: A trade surplus can be characterized as a surplus in the balance of trade and happens when the estimation of a nation's fares surpasses that of its imports. Conversely, a trade deficit is also called a trade gap that happens when imports surpass trades. Significance of Long-Term Deficits to Open Economies: Open economies, for example, UK with long term and large defect can draw in more financial specialists to purchase the bonds or put resources into the country. In Notwithstanding this, it can also expand the number of foreign investment in UK government bonds pushing up the exchange rate. Besides, it likewise assumes a noteworthy part in expanding the national sparing and subsequently upgrading the future national saving. Besides, it likewise expands the estimation of trade rates in the open economies adequately (Free, 2010). Role played by Exchange Rates in International Trade In the international trade, exchange rates play a lot of significant and more valuable roles. For case, exchange rates imply a nation expected to buy the measure of one unit of nation cash. Notwithstanding this, it is additionally found that; exchange rate plays a lot noteworthy part in the improvement and development in the worldwide exchange. For example, exchange rates assume a vital part in the economies in maintaining the balance of payment and balance of capital. Moreover, an exchange rate assumed an essential part in making an organization's fares or item less expensive than others. Then again, it is likewise examined that, exchange rate is also responsible to expanding the overall revenue or lessening the remote cost. In the same way, it can be said that, it assumed a noteworthy part in the general advancement of economies (Helpman, Itskhoki, Redding, 2010). The Advantages Attributed to the Adoption of a Single European currency The adaptation of a single European currency is important and beneficial in order to reduce a wide range of transactional costs and other costs effectively. For example, with a single currency, there is no more an expense included in evolving currencies. Notwithstanding this, it additionally assumed a noteworthy part in getting the advancement the business sector by advancing value straightforwardness in the business sector. Then again, it ought to likewise be noted down that, the fundamental preferences ascribed to the adjustment of single European money are: dispensing with conversion standard vulnerability. Change in swelling execution, low premium rates, advantages to the monetary division internal speculation (Baumol Blinder, 2010). The single European currency (Euro) is reduced the difficulty of the member state through the Commission and Member States is seeking medium-term financial assistance. The Member State is designed to achieve a sustainable balance of payments position through presents a draft adjustment programme in support of its application. The adjustment programme is discussed within the relevant EU bodies, so this program addresses difficulty itself to the Commission and Member States (European Central Bank, 2015). The single European currency (Euro) is seriously threatened with difficulties regarding its balance of payments. In addition, the Council takes a decision whether to grant mutual assistance to solve the difficulties as regards the member states balance of payments. In addition, European Central Bank also played major role in a settlement and invoicing currency in international trade in goods and services in EU countries. Difference between Free Trade and Protectionism Free trade is about opening markets and minimizing consumer prices. In contrast, protectionism is a significant policy of the nations that is used to protect home industries and business firms and their workers by providing subsidies for their production and imposing tariffs on competing foreign products. Additionally, free trade focuses on fostering economic growth by increasing trade for a nation. On the other hand, protectionism focuses on increase in the amount of imports. At the same time, it is also analyzed that, protectionism includes raising the price of imports via tariffs but free trade is about promoting international trade and business in the economy for the purpose of economic development and strong wealth of the nation (Stroup, 2007). Role Played by Tariffs, Quotas and Deregulation within the EU Tariffs: A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers. Quotas: It can be defined as a legal quantity restriction placed on a good imported that is imposed by the domestic government. Importance of Geographic and Occupational Mobility in Wealth Creation Geographic Mobility: It has critical ramifications on the economy of a specific nation. Case in point, it assumed a noteworthy part in decreasing the unemployment by using the assets. Also, it is additionally improve the supply of work and profitability in the country that is a key for the monetary improvement and riches creation procedure of a country. Henceforth, it likewise diminishes the expenses inside of the country and gives opportunities. In this way, it can be said that, it assumes a vital part in riches creation (Abbas, Bouhga-Hagbe, Fats, Mauro, Velloso, 2011). Occupational Mobility: It also plays the major role in the wealth creation by increasing the supply of labor in particular industries. Moreover, different sources of employment can also be generated with the help of this that is essential in wealth creation. Role of the Main EU Institutions in Determining and Legitimising Policy EU is also known as largest political and economic union with approximate 28 member states that is located in the Europe. Moreover, it is also interpreted that, this union operates by an effective system of intergovernmental negotiated and supranational independent institutions decisions by the member states. Furthermore, there are various players in this union, these are listed as below: The Court of Justice of the European Union European Commission The European Parliament (Liebscher, 2005). The Council of the European Union The European Central Bank The Court of Auditors Moreover, the main role of Main EU Institutions in Determining and Legitimising Policy are discussed as below: To access the foreign markets in determining the Legitimising Policy To promote the concept of availability of goods or services at the cheaper price because of imports and increased competition (Schiek, 2012). Promoting the concepts of greater specializations and more efficient use of economic resources Promote a common understanding across member states about the barriers to integration Encouragement of free Trade Role Played by EU Directives There are various significant role played by the EU directives. For example, they play a major role in enforcing the free trade free movement and competition rules across the EU. In addition to this, they also established specific and effective common social policies, standards, rules and laws so that unemployment rate can be reduce in an effective and more significant manner. Apart from this, to provide guidelines and policies regarding the labor law, working conditions, and health and safety are also the major role played by EU directives. Hence, it can be said that, EU Directives are responsible for certain functions, and tasks within the EU (Zezza, 2012). ERDF and ESF Structure and Purpose of ERDF: The purpose of the ERDF is to help reinforce economic and social cohesion by redressing regional imbalances. This is achieved by supporting the development and structural adjustment of regional economies, including the conversion of declining industrial regions. In addition to this, it also provides direct and indirect support the the members (Liebscher, 2005). Structure and Purpose of ESF: The main aim or purpose of this organization is to support employment in the member states of the European Union as well as promoting economic and social cohesion. In addition to this, it should also be noted down that, this is also responsible for the economic well being in the member counties and provides financial instruments to support the members nations in an effective and more significant manner (Tatzberger, 2008).. Profile of the EU as a Trading Bloc In the global trade, EU is one of the largest and prime organization and player in the global trading scene. The EU has achieved a strong position by acting together with one voice on the global stage, rather than with 28 separate trade strategies. The EU is the world's largest trading block. The EU is the worlds largest trader of manufactured goods and services. The EU is the top trading partner for 80 countries. By comparison the US is the top trading partner for a little over 20 countries. The EU is the most open to developing countries (Stroup, 2007). Significance of Linguistic, Cultural, Logistical and Environmental Barriers to EU Operations In the current time, there are several cultural, logistical and environmental factors or barriers that are affecting the growth and success of EU at the global level. For example, the differences in the cultural aspects and environmental due to different nations are affecting the operations of EU negatively. Moreover, religious, cross cultural communication and changes in the attitude and behavior of the members nations are also affecting the success of EU operations (Seiler, 2007). Possible EU Funding Stream European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) regional and urban development European Social Fund (ESF) social inclusion and good governance Cohesion Fund (CF) economic convergence by less-developed regions European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (Tatzberger, 2008). European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) Action Plan The list is given below: Development and implementation of new polices and standards Generating funding sources Utilization of available Resources Reduction in the operational and strategic costs References Abbas, S. A., Bouhga-Hagbe, J., Fats, A., Mauro, P., Velloso, R. C. (2011) Fiscal policy and the current account. IMF Economic Review, 59(4), pp. 603-629. Baumol, W. Blinder, A. (2010) Macroeconomics: Principles and Policy (11th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Blanchard, O., Milesi-Ferretti, G. M. (2012) (Why) Should Current Account Balances Be Reducedquest. IMF Economic Review, 60(1), pp.139-150. Free, R.C. (2010) 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook. USA: SAGE. Helpman, E., Itskhoki, O., Redding, S. (2010) Inequality and unemployment in a global economy. Econometrica, 78(4), pp. 1239-1283. Liebscher, K. (2005) European Economic Integration and South-East Europe: Challenges and Prospects. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. McEachern, W.A. (2011) Macroeconomics: A Contemporary Introduction (9th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Moomaw, R., Olson, K., McLean, W. Applegate, M. (2009) Economics and Contemporary Issues (8th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Poulter, S. (2015). Oftel may end BT monopoly. Available At: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6789/b-Oftel-end-BT-monopoly-b.html[Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. Riley, G. (2012). Unit 2 Macro: The UK Balance of Payments in 2011. Available At: https://beta.tutor2u.net/economics/blog/unit-2-macro-the-uk-balance-of-payments-in-2011 [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. Schiek, D. (2012) Economic and Social Integration: The Challenge for EU Constitutional Law. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Seiler, W. (2007) Economic Integration in NAFTA and EU: A Comparative Analysis. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Stroup, M. D. (2007) Economic freedom, democracy, and the quality of life. World Development, 35(1), pp. 52-66. Tatzberger, G. (2008) A Global Economic Integration Zone in Central Europe?: Vienna-Bratislava-GyÅ‘r as a Laboratory for EU Territorial Cohesion Policy. USA: BoD Books on Demand. Taylorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Gooby, P., Stoker, G. (2011). The coalition programme: a new vision for Britain or politics as usual?. The Political Quarterly, 82(1), pp. 4-15. Zezza, G. (2012). The impact of fiscal austerity in the Eurozone. Review of Keynesian Economics, (1), pp. 37-54. European Commission. (2015). Balance of payment statistics. Available At: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Balance_of_payment_statistics [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015]. European Central Bank. (2015). Balance of payments and international investment position. Available At: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/external/balance/html/index.en.html [Accessed on 06 Oct 2015].

Say No To Marijuana Legalization Essays - Herbalism,

Say No To Marijuana Legalization Say No to Marijuana Legalization Marijuana also known as cannabis sativa is being used illegally by many Americans today of all ages. Before the 1960s, many Americans had never heard of marijuana, but today it is the most used illegal drug in this country. All types of marijuana are mind-altering drugs. They all contain THC, the main active chemical in marijuana, along with over 400 other chemicals. This drug should stay illegal for many reasons concerning the health and safety of Americans today. Saying no one ever died from smoking marijuana is like saying no one ever died from smoking tobacco. ?Today research shows that nearly 50 percent of teenagers try marijuana before they graduate from high school?(Grinspoon, 92-96). Most young teens and children start using marijuana for many reasons, they are curious, or want to fit in to a specific group of kids. Most young people who already smoke cigarettes and/or use alcohol are at higher risk for marijuana use. Most young people say they use marijuana to deal with psychological problems such as, anger, boredom, depression, anxiety, etc. As much as young people think marijuana is helping their problems, its only making things worse for their bodies and minds. When using marijuana, some users suffer acute anxiety and have paranoid thoughts, this mainly occurs with some one new to the drug or in a strange environment. In some cases, a user who has taken a very high dose of marijuana can have severe psychotic symptoms and need emergency help. Marijuana delay's the user's short term memory, which means they may have trouble handling simple or complex tasks. Due to the effects that marijuana has on the mind, the user my find themselves in a difficult situations such as they could become involved in risky sexual behavior or take part in auto crashes. When you smoke marijuana and then drive or even perform both, many of the skills required for safe driving, may be changed such as, alertness, concentration, coordination and reaction time. These effects can last up to 24 hours after smoking marijuana. Marijuana may also make it difficult to judge distances and react to signals and sounds on the road. ?A recent study of patients in a shock-trauma u nit who had been in traffic accidents revealed that 15 percent of those who had been driving a car or motorcycle had been smoking marijuana, and another 17 percent had alcohol in they're system?(Trebach 68 ). Marijuana can direct the human mind to make wrong or a dangerous choice but it also can damage our bodies. The body can be damaged, just as easy as the mind loses its control over the choices it makes. While all of the long-term effects of marijuana are not yet known, there are studies showing serious health concerns. Findings so far show that the regular use of marijuana or THC may play a role in cancer and problems in the respiratory, immune system, and reproductive systems. It is hard to find out whether marijuana alone causes cancer because many people who smoke marijuana smoke cigarettes and use other drugs. Marijuana smoke contains some of the same cancer-causing compounds as tobacco, sometimes in higher concentrations. ?Studies have shown that five joints per week may be taking in as many cancer causing chemicals as someone who smokes a full pack of cigarettes a day?(Downs 1-4). Tobacco smoke and marijuana smoke may work together to change the tissues lining the respiratory tract. Marijuana smoking could contribute to early development of head and neck cancer in some people. Cases of cancer, including cancer of the mouth, tongue, larynx, jaw, head, neck, and lungs have been reported in young marijuana smokers. Our immune system protects the body from many diseases, when marijuana is smoked it impairs the ability of T-cells in the lungs, causing someone with a disease more susceptible to other illnesses or diseases. Continued us of marijuana can lead to abnormal function of the lungs or airways. Scientists have found signs of lung tissue injured or destroyed by marijuana smoke. Marijuana and tobacco both cause many of the same breathing problems, both of them are addictive. While not everyone who uses marijuana becomes addicted, when a user begins

Free Essays on Corporate Power

It is widely argued that the American corporation holds undue and excessive power over government decision making. Theorists supporting this notion have pressed numerous publications, from magazines to reviews to books warning us to be weary of corporations gaining too much political power. Corporate tyranny is a thing of the past, especially in the era after the Second World War, corporate political power is maintained at a safe, fair level. There is no reason to fear corporate power. The corporation has a right to gain political power; it can be argued the corporation must do so for survival. Furthermore, the attitude of government surely does not yield excessive power to the corporations, as has been proved many times by legislative action. The origins of American fear of corporations start before the birth of America, when the Sons of Liberty staged the Boston Tea Party. Despite what our elementary school history lessons tell us, the Bostonians were mainly concerned that the East India Company had gained enough power with the colonial government to levy the tax in the first place. The real reason for their dumping thousands of pounds of tea into Boston Harbor was to act against the corporation that was gaining enough size to dominate their lives (People’s Bicentennial Commission, xii). Later on in American history, Abraham Lincoln foresaw a tyranny of corporations to come. He wrote to his friend in 1864: It has indeed been a trying hour for the Republic; but I see in the near future a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. . . [C]orporations have been enthroned and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until all wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the Republic is destroyed. (Shaw, 40) Many other great Americans, including Thomas Je... Free Essays on Corporate Power Free Essays on Corporate Power It is widely argued that the American corporation holds undue and excessive power over government decision making. Theorists supporting this notion have pressed numerous publications, from magazines to reviews to books warning us to be weary of corporations gaining too much political power. Corporate tyranny is a thing of the past, especially in the era after the Second World War, corporate political power is maintained at a safe, fair level. There is no reason to fear corporate power. The corporation has a right to gain political power; it can be argued the corporation must do so for survival. Furthermore, the attitude of government surely does not yield excessive power to the corporations, as has been proved many times by legislative action. The origins of American fear of corporations start before the birth of America, when the Sons of Liberty staged the Boston Tea Party. Despite what our elementary school history lessons tell us, the Bostonians were mainly concerned that the East India Company had gained enough power with the colonial government to levy the tax in the first place. The real reason for their dumping thousands of pounds of tea into Boston Harbor was to act against the corporation that was gaining enough size to dominate their lives (People’s Bicentennial Commission, xii). Later on in American history, Abraham Lincoln foresaw a tyranny of corporations to come. He wrote to his friend in 1864: It has indeed been a trying hour for the Republic; but I see in the near future a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. . . [C]orporations have been enthroned and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until all wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the Republic is destroyed. (Shaw, 40) Many other great Americans, including Thomas Je...

Communism in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communism in China - Essay Example The failure of nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek to offer protection from the threat posed by Japan led to his abduction. He was forced by the abductors to reconsider cooperation with the communist army (Office of the Historian, n.d.). This laid a foundation for the rise of communism in the country. The other factor that contributed was the rise of a dictatorial regime. The nationalist government was accused of undemocratic policies and corruption (Office of the Historian, n.d.). The discontent of the population and poor policies made the country more vulnerable to communism ideals. On the other hand, China Communist Party (CCP) received overwhelming support from peasants due to land reforms it initiated and repelling of Japanese invaders (Office of the Historian, n.d.). Lastly, foreign intervention played a role in the rise of communism. The United States and Soviet Union influenced various issues in the country. United States was in support of Nationalist government while Soviet Union supported CCP. However, Soviet Union prevailed as it occupied Manchuria and only left when Chinese Communist forces were in a position to claim victory of the area (Office of the Historian, n.d.). This led to the establishment of communism in the larger part of the

Architecture Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Architecture Building - Essay Example The association would therefore facilitate the construction of modern structures that portrayed the social, political and economic features of Germany as a developed and industrial state in Europe. The move would help portray German’s culture in the constructions besides marking historical landmarks through the construction iconic structures. The association sought to influence the design of structure in the country by first developing a school of designers. This way, the collage would help develop successive architects, designers, artists and engineers who would thus typify and pass on the design dictates of the association thus marking a revolution in the design and portrayal of German’s culture in its buildings. The association developed Bauhaus school of design with the view of establishing a partnership between product manufacturers and design professionals thus influencing and facilitating the development of modern buildings that would not only remain relevant and appropriate for longer but also depict the country’s culture thus competing favorably against other developed states (Cuff 41). Kollhoff Tower is one of the most iconic structures in Berlin. Stretching a height of more than one hundred meters and covering a base of more than two hundred and fifty meter square, the gigantic structure houses modern day commercial offices. The design and subsequent construction of the structured followed the patterns propagated by the modernist movement in the country. Constructed in 1994, the structure has stood the test of time and remains relevant and appropriate for use in the contemporary Berlin (Killen 41). This implies that the designers of the structure considered specific structural factors and infused effective technology in the construction of the structure thus earning it the position it represents in the modern day Berlin. From the design pattern to the facade of the structure, the building portrays some uniqueness that possibly ex hibits the cultural features in the German society. Germany is indeed a developed society and being a member state of the European Union, the country permits free interaction among its citizens and those from other countries within the region. Culture is a dynamic concept that refers to people’s way of life. As explained earlier, German is a cosmopolitan society with millions of immigrants. Kollhoff Tower on the other has a unique design that exhibits specific cultural features. The features infuse both the traditional and specific German cultures and the new aspects of modernism. The design of the building for example considered the need for subsequent renovation of the structure in order to sustain its relevance in the constantly changing society. Through constant renovation and incorporation of subsequent designs in the structure, German engineers succeeded in installing the fastest passenger elevator in the building travelling at a top speed of four hundred and ninety two meters per minute (Schwartz 66). This implies that the elevator can reach the highest floor of the twenty-five story building in two minutes. Such is a feature of the post modernism culture that seeks to improve convenience and the ease of accessing skyscrapers. While the association of architectures existed way before the design and construction of the structure, the Kollhoff Tower exhibits some of their preliminary demands. Key among such was the need for a structure to remain unique. Architecture is

Egyptian art Essay Example for Free

Egyptian art Essay In Egyptian art, style is everything. In the Egyptian Art we have examined, we see striking similarities in the objects d’art that are included in this view. One thing that we can see in all the art works that we have seen is that the style remains consistent throughout the history of Egypt. The view of this writer is to look at each work and compare it to other works later in Egypt’s history. To that end, we will examine four separate works—the Palette of King Narmer, which was predynastic, the tomb of Ti at Saqqara which is of the Fifth Dynasty, the Portrait of Ni’Ankhesut, which is from the early Sixth Dynasty, and finally the Funerary Stele of Iamu, from the First Intermediate period. Each of these unique works has their own similarities to each other and their own unique differences. Three of the works are worked in limestone, which was a primary medium of Egyptian art, especially when it came to tomb or funerary art. The fourth is in stone, and was used to hold makeup and was intricately carved with a well for that express purpose. The first work that this writer will examine is the Palette of King Narmer. This work is done in what is probably basalt or some other stone, as it is not done in the soft limestone that was common in other Egyptian art forms. Egyptologists are unsure exactly what event this depicts, but what we can see is that King Narmer is the largest figure on the palette. On the front of the palette Narmer is depicted leading an army and slaying an opposing army. The opposing army is dead and decapitated, with their heads between their legs. This is pictured in the top third of the palette. In the middle third of the palette is a round depression made up of the entwined necks of two cats. This indented area is where eye makeup would have been placed. In the bottom third we see a warrior fighting a bull, a common theme in early Egyptian art. It should be noted here that the cats with the entwined heads is a distinctly Mesopotamian feature, showing the influence of the Middle Eastern art forms on early Egyptian art. On the back of the palette, we see a large figure who appears to be Narmer, wearing the crown of Upper Egypt. He appears to be subduing an enemy, who appears to be the leader of Lower Egypt. This is obviously meant to symbolize the supremacy of Upper Egypt over Lower Egypt. We notice from the position of the figures that every figure is in the profile position, but the arms are facing forward. This shows early on the foundations of Egyptian art, mainly, the consistency of keeping a majority of the body in profile, while only putting arms and chest in full frontal view. We also notice that on both sides of the palette, Narmer is the largest of the figures, making it clear that the palette is about him and his accomplishments. This is also a recurring theme in Egyptian art—the making of the main figure larger than other figures in the work. This assures the viewer that they are aware of who the main subject is. The second work that we are going to examine is the tomb of Ti at Saqqara. Again, we see that Ti is the largest figure in the work. This tomb relief is in color, which sets it apart from the other works we have examined. It probably retains its color due to the fact that it was not exposed to the elements as were other works. The paint brings out the striking details and shows the intricacies of Egyptian tomb art. It is also worked in limestone, which was a primary medium in Egypt. In this relief, we se that Ti is on a boat on the Nile. The Nile is teeming with all sorts of marine life. From our knowledge of the hieroglyphics, we know that Ti and his hunters are hunting hippopotami in the Nile marshes. Again, Ti is in profile save for his hands and chest. It is at this point, however, that we can see that there is very little difference between the picture of Ti and the picture of Narmer. This shows us that the Egyptians did not think about differentiation between human forms. They counted on the hieroglyphics and the idea of the larger figure being the focal point of the work. The third work that we will examine is the portrait of Ni’Ankhesut. It is a limestone portrait, which makes us assume that it is from the tomb of this individual. This is from the Sixth Dynasty. In this work, we see Ni’Ankhesut as the central figure in this work. Out of necessity, Ni’Ankhesut is the largest figure in the work, and above his head are hieroglyphics. These probably tell his story or his name, though we do not see the characteristic cartouche that accompanies the name. The fact that this individual has a tomb indicates that he was of sufficiently high rank to have the wealth and prestige that a tomb connotes. Again, if we physically look at the portrait, we see that the head and the legs are in profile, but the chest and the arms are in full frontal view. This again shows the idiosyncrasies in Egyptian art. If we compare the physicality of the portrait to the other two works that we have examined, we see that there is very little physical difference in the three figures. Again, the lack of differentiation among figures is evident. The final work we will examine is the Funerary Stele of Iamu. It is worked in limestone, which is the primary medium of Egyptian tomb art. This work is a more complex work than the portrait, but not as detailed as the Palette of Narmer. In this work, we see again that Iamu is the largest figure, and above his head are hieroglyphics. In this relief, it is difficult for one to tell what Iamu is doing. Again, we see little physical differentiation with the other figures that we have examined, and we see that all the figures are in profile and that this is totally in keeping with all Egyptian art. This writer does see some beginnings of differentiation in the figures, which begins to pave the way for more realistic portraiture. What conclusions can we draw from these four works? The first thing is that Egyptian art changed little over the years of Egypt’s rise and fall. Second, we see that Egypt chose art to express and transmit their culture. We also note that hieroglyphics were used to great effect to tell the individual stories that each work shows (with the exception of the Narmer Palette). Fourth, we can see that relief is the main form of art used by the Egyptians. Fifth, color is used throughout the Egyptian artistic world to give life to the two-dimensional images on the limestone walls. Sixth, relief is also a way to provide the art with a depth that it would otherwise lack. We must continue to learn from ancient art as it is the way that we learn the most about ourselves. To understand it is to better understand ourselves and our own culture.

Bob Marley :: Music Musician Biography Essays

Bob Marley Bob Marley was a promoter of peace and believed in the union of all people. He used his music as a channel to get his opinions and thoughts out into the world. â€Å"Me only have one ambition, y’know. I really have only one thing I really like to see happen. I like to see mankind live together-black, white, Chinese, everyone-that’s all.† Robert Nesta Marley was born February 6th, 1945 in the small ghetto of Nine Miles, in the parish of St. Anne, Jamaica. His father was a white British Naval officer named Narval Marley, and his mother was a young, poor Jamaican girl named Cedalla Brooker. The well-to-do Marley family did not approve of Narval and Cedalla’s relationship(Clark). Despite marrying Cedalla, Narval was more of an occasional visitor rather than a father figure to Bob(Clark). He did not survive to see his son’s success. After a few years, Bob and his mother moved to Trenchtown (western Kingston), which was built around the former Kingston refuse dump(Salewicz). People would spend their days scavenging for whatever they could find here(Salewicz). The shanty-town people who lived here considered it desirable accommodations and were not ashamed of their home at all(Salewicz). Trenchtown was also considered a spiritual power point for the Rastafarians, which is a major form of religion in Jamaica(Salewicz). It is said that those who have nothing, and therefore nothing to lose, are not afraid to express their talents(Salewicz). This was true for many people who lived in these areas, including Bob. Living in Kingston, Bob cut his first record at the age of 16, with a song called â€Å"Judge Not†(Clark). This album was a complete flop. In his teen years, he had many influences, including Fats Domino, Ray Charles, and Joe Higgs(Peake). He also loved Jamaican, Ska, and Rock Steady music(Peake). The biggest influence that anyone had ever had on Bob was Joe Higgs(Salewicz). Joe was the areas most famous singer and musically prominent Rasta, or person who followed the Rastafarian religion(Salewicz). He was Bob’s first mentor and introduced him to Peter Tosh, and Bunny Livingston, who would be his future band mates(Salewicz). Bob, Peter, and Bunny all took part in evening music sessions in Joe’s Third Street Yard every night. When he was just 18, Bob, Bunny, and Peter formed the Wailin’ Wailers, and their first song â€Å"Simmer Down† was an instant number one in Jamaica(Pagewise). From here, their success grew.

Development of children Essay

The social and emotional development of a childs identity and self image starts from birth. In the first five years of a childs life , children learn how to interact with others, learn what is acceptable. Every child is unique and they all develope at their own pace. Birth to 3 years- As a baby a child will overcome lots of obsticles such as hand to hand co-ordination, learning to sit up and stand, learning to feed themselves, learning to put words together. Children learn to play alongside instead of with other children, they test behaviours as they learn what is right and wrong. They need lots of emotional support from their parents. Ages 3-6 years- At this age the children will have a short attention span, They are learning self awareness and imagination, what is socially acceptable behaviour and what is not. The child will start to develope more language and communication skills and they will be starting to assert their own identity. Age 7, They will be identifying feelings and emotions, identifying dangerous situations and who to go to for help. They will be learning to identify the difference between ‘needs’ and ‘wants’. Age 8, The child will be able to express emotions in appropriate ways i.e appreciation, anger. Calm themselves and control strong emotions. Eight year olds will be proud of the fact they are able to do many things on their own and will express a desire for privacy. At the same time they will still need guidence and support from their parents.They may compare themselves to their friends and peers. Ages 9-12 , Children should have good communication skills, i.e communication care consideration and respect. Identify personal skills, recognise the difference between positive and negative friendships and understand the importance of family. Ages 12-16- this is a time where children reach sexual maturity and form an adult identity. During adolescence , physical changes in height and weight are usually a noticable change. Mood swings are common due to the increase in hormones. Between 12 and 16, they begin to imagine the possibilities life holds and start to set personal goals. Influences which may affect development in children include- -Stress -Negative experiences -Genetic illnesses, disorders and allergies -The childs background and where they may live -The influence of adults around the child -Religious social and economic factors. How might adults within a school setting encourage pupils to recognise and express thier own emotions? What are the possible signs and possible causes of emotional distress? Within school teachers can encourage children to recognise and express their emotions through role playing, art & design, drama, music, poatry and stories. These can provide an important opportunity for developing self confidence. An example of this is circle time sessions, these provide social and emotional learning. The class of pupils sit in a circle, exchanging ideas and feelings on different topics which are important to them . As they are sat in a circle, there is no leader, they are all equal and all have the opportunity to speak. Pupils can bring their own ideas or concerns to the circle and offer encouragement to others. Most schools have a school council where pupils can take part in desicion making. Students can bring up school improvement issues or issues affecting the classroom. Possible causes of emotional distress- -Problems at school, bullying or struggling with the work -Feeling left out and lonely, or having trouble making friends -Problems at home i.e parents not getting along and arguing. Maybe the parents have split up or the child has a new family member. -Death of a pet or relative -Abuse Possible signs of emotional distress- -Refusing to go to school -Difficulty learning -illness -Sad, frequent crying -Nightmare, difficulty sleeping -Moody and temper tantrums -Anxeity and panic attacks -Unable to concentrate -Unable to eat In teenagers some other signs could include -Alcohol/drug abuse -Violence/thefts -Not looking after themselves or over-concern with thier appearence -Self harm. Task 7 , Describe your expected role in the care and support of Individual pupils. A teaching assistant would provide care & support by encouraging the child to concentrate on what has been asked of them. Some children will require more one on one attention to help them to understand. This could involve repeating and explaining instructions from the teacher in a more simple manner. Some pupils may need extra help finding thier way around the school and getting to class rooms on time. In younger children, assisting them in the bathroom, and helping them to get dressed. Helping disabled children with physical activities such as swimming or P.E. The teaching assistant may be required to support children outside of school too, such as educational visits. Good quality relationships between children and teachers are very important when providing support, whether the relationship is through a single lesson or over a number of lessons. To gain a good relationship the teaching assistant should use good communication skills, such as friendly body language, eye contact, listening and showing respect. Greet the children by name, even out of class. Show some interest in their interests. Celebrate their achievements and display their work. What possible problems may you encounter and briefly describe how you might deal with each case? Through day to day contact with pupils, staff have an important role to play in noticing indicators of possible problems, Such as peer pressure and internal group dynamics. This could result in misunderstandings, strong emotions and class disruptions.The teaching assistant should recognise uncharacteristic behaviour patterns in pupils and deal with any difficulities which could damage the relationship with the pupil. Some problems a teaching assistant may encounter could be a disruptive pupil questioning authority, unhappy with marks they have been given on there work. A student may be emotionally unstable and become aggressive towards the staff. Constant disruptions prevent other students from concentrating on their work. Teaching assistants should always act within the policies and codes of conduct so they do not put themselves into situations that could lead to misunderstanding or accusations. When responding to these situations , the teaching assistant should remind the pupils of class room rules. The pupil may want to back track on what has been said. This should be honoured but remind the pupil that these disruptions will not be tolerated. If the problem is repeated the student should be removed from the classroom and the problem discussed with a supervisor. These incidents should be recorded. What is your role in responding to accidents and aliments? The teaching assistant does not have the sole responsibility for the safety of pupils and staff but if an emergency should arise the teaching assitant will need to act fast- – The teaching assistant should report any changes to a childs well-being to the teacher immediately. – Alert the emmergency services if necessary and obtain medical equipment for the first aider. – Reassure the pupil and make them comfortable. – Comply with the schools policy about recording a childs health. -Once the situation is stable , the parents should be notified. List common childhood illnesses and briefly discribe how you would recognise the symptoms of those illnesses in the children that you support

Genetic Treatment An Expensive Technique That Can Only...

High Costs Secondly, genetic treatment is such an expensive technique that can only be affordable to a few individuals. According to Dennis Brandy Johnson Y. Carolyn (2015), a gene therapy in Europe costs $1 million in general and this is unaffordable to majority of people who would then prefer buying normal medications. It is for this reason that most hospitals do not offer the service. However, plans are underway to make the financial burden lighter by coming up with reasonable payment plans. In general, acceptability of genetic treatment has largely been hindered partly by the costs involved in the whole process. Many treatment sessions Also, most gene treatments are short-lived and so patients require undergoing numerous treatment sessions. Therapeutic DNA require being functional in the long term in order to give a permanent cure. Nonetheless, complexity of incorporating the DNA into genome merged with the truth that numerous cells split so quickly means that long-term benefits are almost impossible to accomplish and repetitive treatments are required. Risks associated with therapy Further, undergoing a gene therapy to correct a deficiency can kill someone. Dennis Brandy Johnson Y. Carolyn (2015) gives the case of a teenager who died when undergoing gene therapy trial in Arizona. Reports showed that the teenager had a severe immune reaction in the late 90’s. After this incidence, people lost confidence on the effectiveness of genetic treatment. Things worsened inShow MoreRelatedThe Economics Of Human Gene Editing. Human Gene Editing1273 Words   |  6 Pageslong been controversial topic; however, precise techniques that accomplish this feat have only recently been discovered. 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